Naseeruddin Toosi Born: 18 February 1201

                      

Famous scientists, astronomers, mathematicians, philosophers, astrologers, scholars, architects, physicians, theologians and writers of the world of Islam.

نصیر الدین طوسی                             

                         Naseeruddin Toosi

Famous scientists, astronomers, mathematicians, philosophers, astrologers, scholars, architects, physicians, theologians and writers of the world of Islam.

Born: 18 February 1201

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Al-Alam Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Hasan al-Tusi (also known as "Khwaja Nasir al-Din" and other well-known titles "Nasir al-Din", "Muhaqiq al-Tusi", "Ustad al-Bashr" and "Khwaja"), 18 February at the beginning of the seventh century AH. He was born in Tus, Iran in 1201 and died in Baghdad on June 25, 1274 at the end of the same century. Because of which some people became jealous and made some false accusations against him, which resulted in his imprisonment in a fort where he wrote most of his works in mathematics and this imprisonment became the cause of his fame.

When Halaku Khan captured Baghdad, he freed him and honored him and included him among his scholars, then he was made the Amin of Halaku Khan's endowment. He built a library in which he collected more than 200,000 books.

He also built an astronomical observatory and recruited prominent scientists of the time to work in the observatory, including Al-Muayyed al-Sarzi who came from Damascus, al-Fakhr al-Maraghli al-Mosli, al-Najm Dabiran al-Qazwini and Muhyiddin al-Maghrib al-Halabi. Included.

He left many works, among which the most important book is "Shaqal Ghazata", which was the first book to separate trigonometric calculations from astronomy. But he wrote valuable books which are proof of his academic engagement, he also translated some Greek books and interpreted and criticized them, he made astronomical tables in his observatory from which Europe took full advantage.

He solved many astronomical problems and proposed a simpler cosmological model than Ptolemy's, his experiments later helped Cooper-Nix to place the sun as the center of the solar system rather than the earth as the center of the universe. was considered the center of the universe.

He paved the way for the development of today's modern astronomy, in addition to introducing new methods in geometry and geometry theory, as well as solving many mathematical problems with new proofs, Sarton's About says:

"Tusi was the greatest scientist of Islam and its greatest mathematician",

"Rigomontinus" made use of Tusi's books in the writing of his book "Al-Muthulat".

Many rivers of knowledge flowed through the pen of Naseeruddin Tusi, the inventor of Shahra Afaq Observatory, expert in astronomy, contemporary of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi, author of Akhlaq Nasiri.

He enriched sciences like astrology, optics, mathematics, mineralogy, ethics, literature, logic, philosophy, medicine, Euclid, chemistry, history, geography, etc. were crazy At Maragha, near Asia Minor, he built the world's first and best observatory and conducted experiments that later proved to be a beacon for others. He re-compiled all the books in mathematics that had been written up to that time and gave only sixteen in number. To this treasure, Tusi added four more books. Euclid founded a branch of Trigonometry and found many ways to innovate in this field. Tusi became famous for his astronomical research.

After twelve years of continuous effort, he compiled a map of the solar system. Among the many books on astronomy, "Kitab al-Tazikrat al-Nasariyyah" whose other name is "Tazikrah fi 'ilm naskh" is very famous. It became the basis for later studies on astrology. Many researchers have written about it. There are four main parts of this book, first, the importance of movement in the system of the universe, second, astronomical changes, the rotation of the moon and its calculation, third, the astronomical effect on the earth, moons, mountains, deserts, seas and winds, and fourth, the stars in the solar system. distances.

Obviously, this book proved to be very popular and interesting. In this book, Tusi refutes some of Ptolemy's ideas and points out his shortcomings. On the basis of this book, the famous astrologer of Europe, Cooper Nix established his theories which proved to be correct. That is, the principles laid down by Tousi were the basis of Cooper-Naux's investigation. Tusi has also written other books on astronomy such as Zabsul Ilahiyyah, Kitab al-Kuljaz fi Nujoom, Zaij Ilkhani, Azhar al-Majasti, etc. Apart from this, detailed books have been written on Mars, on the rising and setting of the sun, on the rotation of the earth, on the distance between the sun and the moon, on the nature of the planets, on the appearance of night and day and on the location of this planet. Because of this, he is considered an expert in astronomy. Maragha's Obs Rotary proved to be very useful for Tusi's investigation.